1 00:00:10,330 --> 00:00:11,330 Wow. 2 00:00:11,330 --> 00:00:14,710 What's going on Comic-Com? 3 00:00:14,710 --> 00:00:21,800 Man, I can't tell you how pumped I am to be here today with all you guys with this panel. 4 00:00:21,800 --> 00:00:24,340 This is a dream come true for me. 5 00:00:24,340 --> 00:00:27,960 So, what's everybody's name? 6 00:00:27,960 --> 00:00:29,500 Okay. 7 00:00:29,500 --> 00:00:30,500 Got it. 8 00:00:30,500 --> 00:00:31,500 All right. 9 00:00:31,500 --> 00:00:32,500 Good to meet you. 10 00:00:32,500 --> 00:00:33,500 My name's Jay Ferguson. 11 00:00:33,500 --> 00:00:37,070 I am--oh, thanks. 12 00:00:37,070 --> 00:00:40,420 Hey, mom. 13 00:00:40,420 --> 00:00:52,260 I am a lifelong sci-fi/all things space related nerd, geek, fan boy, bordering on the obsessive 14 00:00:52,260 --> 00:00:57,510 at times, which I feel like a couple of you in this room might know what I'm talking about. 15 00:00:57,510 --> 00:01:01,080 Quick story. 16 00:01:01,080 --> 00:01:04,340 I was around 33 and my wife and I were about to be married. 17 00:01:04,340 --> 00:01:08,870 And we woke up one morning and we were having coffee and she said to me, you know, Jay, 18 00:01:08,870 --> 00:01:13,000 I've been really tolerant, I've been really patient, but I just cannot wake up one more 19 00:01:13,000 --> 00:01:18,690 morning opening my eyes to Darth Vader looking down on me from your framed Empire Strikes 20 00:01:18,690 --> 00:01:21,460 Back poster on your wall. 21 00:01:21,460 --> 00:01:25,780 Conversely, there was a Star Wars poster on all of my walls. 22 00:01:25,780 --> 00:01:31,070 But, now, I'm 40 and the Star Wars posters aren't on my walls anymore, but they are on 23 00:01:31,070 --> 00:01:32,570 my son's. 24 00:01:32,570 --> 00:01:35,860 I am proudly raising three little nerds. 25 00:01:35,860 --> 00:01:40,240 Took them to Star Wars celebration a little while back. 26 00:01:40,240 --> 00:01:43,150 It's pretty awesome. 27 00:01:43,150 --> 00:01:50,460 You know, the beginning of my love of space and sci-fi really started with Star Wars. 28 00:01:50,460 --> 00:01:53,030 That was kind of the fantastical side of it. 29 00:01:53,030 --> 00:01:58,909 Then it hit on a real side for me when I saw the right stuff and that became kind of the 30 00:01:58,909 --> 00:02:02,880 catalyst for me to follow my dream of becoming an astronaut. 31 00:02:02,880 --> 00:02:06,659 So, I started to do all the things I thought I needed to do to do that. 32 00:02:06,659 --> 00:02:08,670 I went to Space Camp when I was 16. 33 00:02:08,670 --> 00:02:13,380 For those of you who went to Space Camp, I went to Aviation Challenge as well. 34 00:02:13,380 --> 00:02:14,720 Great time out there. 35 00:02:14,720 --> 00:02:15,720 Incredible experience. 36 00:02:15,720 --> 00:02:18,590 To follow that up, go into the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs. 37 00:02:18,590 --> 00:02:21,270 I had every intention of going there. 38 00:02:21,270 --> 00:02:22,270 All right. 39 00:02:22,270 --> 00:02:24,060 Then I took flying lessons. 40 00:02:24,060 --> 00:02:29,420 Got about two flying lessons in, and it became quickly apparent to me that I was going to 41 00:02:29,420 --> 00:02:34,900 have a hard time piloting a shuttle or any other spacecraft if I couldn't stop throwing 42 00:02:34,900 --> 00:02:36,209 up. 43 00:02:36,209 --> 00:02:39,620 So, those dreams were dashed. 44 00:02:39,620 --> 00:02:48,670 But, I was afforded this incredible opportunity to become a mediocre actor and excel at that. 45 00:02:48,670 --> 00:02:51,470 But, this topic is really incredible. 46 00:02:51,470 --> 00:02:57,580 You know, turning science fiction to science reality is a real deal now. 47 00:02:57,580 --> 00:03:03,180 I mean, you know, you think about the guy making the video phone call to his daughter 48 00:03:03,180 --> 00:03:09,459 on her birthday in 2001 and you think about the com links in Star Trek and then you look 49 00:03:09,459 --> 00:03:10,739 at this, you know? 50 00:03:10,739 --> 00:03:11,740 Those are just toys. 51 00:03:11,740 --> 00:03:14,740 You know, you got Lexus coming out with the hover board. 52 00:03:14,740 --> 00:03:16,270 Unbelievable, right? 53 00:03:16,270 --> 00:03:18,070 But, these are all just fun things. 54 00:03:18,070 --> 00:03:25,070 I mean, I think that really I believe--and it might seem a little bit silly, but, you 55 00:03:25,070 --> 00:03:32,290 know, to me, the survival of mankind depends upon what these people on this panel are doing 56 00:03:32,290 --> 00:03:34,060 with their life's calling. 57 00:03:34,060 --> 00:03:42,100 And it is--yeah. 58 00:03:42,100 --> 00:03:49,230 And it is absolutely imparent [sic]--imperative, excuse me, that, you know, we continue to 59 00:03:49,230 --> 00:03:53,210 raise awareness for the Space Program, we continue to raise awareness for space travel. 60 00:03:53,210 --> 00:03:56,590 It depends heavily upon public opinion and public support. 61 00:03:56,590 --> 00:04:00,550 And without it, it is--makes their job a lot harder. 62 00:04:00,550 --> 00:04:03,070 So, continue to spread the word. 63 00:04:03,070 --> 00:04:07,810 Why don't we get started, huh? 64 00:04:07,810 --> 00:04:13,430 So, first thing we're going to do--man, this is so cool. 65 00:04:13,430 --> 00:04:14,599 I don't know about you guys. 66 00:04:14,599 --> 00:04:20,489 I watched every single piece of the International Space Station built live on NASA TV from my 67 00:04:20,489 --> 00:04:21,650 computer. 68 00:04:21,650 --> 00:04:26,009 My wife would walk in and wonder if I had lost my mind. 69 00:04:26,009 --> 00:04:34,030 So, it is my absolute pleasure to introduce a little video greeting from the International 70 00:04:34,030 --> 00:04:37,089 Space Station. 71 00:04:37,089 --> 00:04:46,319 And this is featuring Scott Kelly, who is currently on the station on a year trip. 72 00:04:46,319 --> 00:04:50,400 He's about 100 and some odd days into it, I believe. 73 00:04:50,400 --> 00:04:55,949 So, let's roll it. 74 00:04:55,949 --> 00:05:18,409 I'm Astronaut Scott Kelly of NASA aboard the International Space Station. 75 00:05:18,409 --> 00:05:25,619 I'm flying at a speed of five miles a second, 250 miles above the earth aboard this magnificent 76 00:05:25,619 --> 00:05:32,919 laboratory where every day we turn science fiction into science fact. 77 00:05:32,919 --> 00:05:35,580 It can't be a station adventure [sp] without robots. 78 00:05:35,580 --> 00:05:41,279 Like the droids in Star Wars, we're testing robotic devices to help perform autonomous 79 00:05:41,279 --> 00:05:46,910 satellite servicing in the future and other selected tasks normally reserved for astronauts 80 00:05:46,910 --> 00:05:50,280 to conduct during space walks. 81 00:05:50,280 --> 00:05:56,449 And very much like in the movie, 2001: A Space Odyssey, the space station is a destination 82 00:05:56,449 --> 00:06:02,300 for commercial companies to deliver cargo, and in the not too distant future, astronauts 83 00:06:02,300 --> 00:06:03,659 as well. 84 00:06:03,659 --> 00:06:09,749 As I conduct research during my one year mission on the station, lessons learned will pave 85 00:06:09,749 --> 00:06:17,110 the way for a journey to Mars. 86 00:06:17,110 --> 00:06:25,600 Oh my God, that's Scott Kelly. 87 00:06:25,600 --> 00:06:28,430 All right. 88 00:06:28,430 --> 00:06:30,840 Let's meet our panelists, shall we? 89 00:06:30,840 --> 00:06:34,099 To my left here, we have Amber Straughn. 90 00:06:34,099 --> 00:06:35,199 She is an astrophysicist. 91 00:06:35,199 --> 00:06:36,949 Let me tell you something. 92 00:06:36,949 --> 00:06:41,139 I don't get starstruck easily by, like, actors or musicians, but you put an astrophysicist 93 00:06:41,139 --> 00:06:44,569 in front of me and I become like a giddy fifth grader; okay? 94 00:06:44,569 --> 00:06:47,229 She's from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. 95 00:06:47,229 --> 00:06:50,060 Goddard was the name of my team at Space Camp, by the way. 96 00:06:50,060 --> 00:06:51,060 That's awesome. 97 00:06:51,060 --> 00:06:54,289 Amber works on subjects ranging from the James Webb Telescope to exoplanets. 98 00:06:54,289 --> 00:06:56,409 Why don't you tell us a little bit more about what's going on, Amber? 99 00:06:56,409 --> 00:06:57,409 Sure. 100 00:06:57,409 --> 00:06:58,409 Well, there's a lot going on. 101 00:06:58,409 --> 00:07:04,399 As an astrophysicist, I use the Hubble Space Telescope and telescopes on the ground to 102 00:07:04,399 --> 00:07:08,789 study how stars and black holes form in distant galaxies, which is pretty much an incredible 103 00:07:08,789 --> 00:07:09,789 job. 104 00:07:09,789 --> 00:07:10,849 So, it's a lot of fun. 105 00:07:10,849 --> 00:07:15,210 And I also work, as Jay said, on the James Webb Space Telescope that we're building right 106 00:07:15,210 --> 00:07:21,639 now and we're launching in 2018. 107 00:07:21,639 --> 00:07:22,639 And I'll talk a little bit more about that. 108 00:07:22,639 --> 00:07:23,639 Yeah, it's very exciting. 109 00:07:23,639 --> 00:07:26,679 Next, we have Kevin Hamm--Hand, excuse me, Kevin; Deputy Chief Scientist for Solar System 110 00:07:26,679 --> 00:07:29,520 Exploration from JPL. 111 00:07:29,520 --> 00:07:34,099 Kevin's an astrobiologist and planetary scientist and a National Geographic Explorer. 112 00:07:34,099 --> 00:07:35,250 Stop showing off already. 113 00:07:35,250 --> 00:07:40,169 Kev, why don't you tell us a little bit about what's going on, buddy? 114 00:07:40,169 --> 00:07:46,080 Well, my focus is on what I like to call the ocean worlds of the outer solar system; these 115 00:07:46,080 --> 00:07:50,069 moons that have liquid water beneath their icy shells. 116 00:07:50,069 --> 00:07:56,190 And these are worlds where I think we might be able to go in the coming decades and actually 117 00:07:56,190 --> 00:07:57,539 find living life. 118 00:07:57,539 --> 00:08:04,229 Life that is alive today and we can poke and prod it and see if life has originated a second 119 00:08:04,229 --> 00:08:06,119 time in our own backyard. 120 00:08:06,119 --> 00:08:09,110 So, we'll talk more about that. 121 00:08:09,110 --> 00:08:10,599 Yeah, that's exciting. 122 00:08:10,599 --> 00:08:11,599 Hello. 123 00:08:11,599 --> 00:08:12,599 Hello, sir. 124 00:08:12,599 --> 00:08:15,800 That guy's name is Adam Nimoy. 125 00:08:15,800 --> 00:08:24,250 And he is a producer and the son of space royalty, Leonard Nimoy. 126 00:08:24,250 --> 00:08:32,950 Adam, why don't you say hello? 127 00:08:32,950 --> 00:08:37,060 Hi, my name is Adam Nimoy. 128 00:08:37,060 --> 00:08:44,320 I'm really happy to be here and share the stage with such a distinguished panel. 129 00:08:44,320 --> 00:08:49,870 I'm here to talk a little bit about, For the Love of Spock, a documentary I'm now writing 130 00:08:49,870 --> 00:08:55,200 and directing based on the life of Mr. Spock and the life and legacy of Leonard Nimoy and 131 00:08:55,200 --> 00:08:56,740 the man who brought Spock to life. 132 00:08:56,740 --> 00:09:02,370 And we'll be talking a little bit more detail about that later, but I'm really happy to 133 00:09:02,370 --> 00:09:03,370 be here. 134 00:09:03,370 --> 00:09:05,350 And I--you know, the turnout is phenomenal. 135 00:09:05,350 --> 00:09:06,350 Yeah, it's incredible. 136 00:09:06,350 --> 00:09:08,640 So, thank you all for coming out. 137 00:09:08,640 --> 00:09:09,640 All right, cool. 138 00:09:09,640 --> 00:09:15,140 Finally, we have Aditya Sood who is the producer of a movie I think we're all excited about, 139 00:09:15,140 --> 00:09:20,560 The Martian. 140 00:09:20,560 --> 00:09:25,060 Coming up soon from 20th Century Fox starring Matt Damon, the man. 141 00:09:25,060 --> 00:09:29,150 Why don't you drop a little fun little thing on us right now? 142 00:09:29,150 --> 00:09:33,940 Well, apparently--and I didn't know this until the beginning of this panel, I'm also responsible 143 00:09:33,940 --> 00:09:36,000 for, what was it, the future of humanity? 144 00:09:36,000 --> 00:09:37,000 That's right. 145 00:09:37,000 --> 00:09:38,000 Okay. 146 00:09:40,000 --> 00:09:39,000 Yeah. 147 00:09:40,000 --> 00:09:41,000 And--. 148 00:09:41,000 --> 00:09:42,000 --No pressure. 149 00:09:42,000 --> 00:09:43,000 What? 150 00:09:43,000 --> 00:09:44,000 Sorry? 151 00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:45,000 No pressure. 152 00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:49,080 Well, I'm really excited to be here and really, really excited about The Martian, which, you 153 00:09:49,080 --> 00:09:56,560 know, was a book that Andy Weir wrote that I found when it was still a self published 154 00:09:56,560 --> 00:09:57,560 book on Amazon. 155 00:09:57,560 --> 00:10:01,600 And here we are two and a half years later. 156 00:10:01,600 --> 00:10:09,400 And thanks to, you know, a lot of great people at NASA, we are about to show it to the world 157 00:10:09,400 --> 00:10:11,090 on October 2nd. 158 00:10:11,090 --> 00:10:16,810 In fact, we actually have a little something I'd like to show you guys if you're interested. 159 00:10:16,810 --> 00:10:17,810 Huh? 160 00:10:17,810 --> 00:10:26,280 Come on, let's see it, baby. 161 00:10:26,280 --> 00:10:28,710 Every human being has a basic instinct. 162 00:10:28,710 --> 00:10:31,370 To help each other out. 163 00:10:31,370 --> 00:10:36,080 If a hiker gets lost in the mountains, people coordinate a search. 164 00:10:36,080 --> 00:10:44,510 If an earthquake levels the city, people all over the world send emergency supplies. 165 00:10:44,510 --> 00:10:47,380 This instinct is found in every culture. 166 00:10:47,380 --> 00:10:50,340 Without exception. 167 00:10:50,340 --> 00:10:58,910 At around 4:30am our satellites detected a storm approaching the ARES 3 mission side 168 00:10:58,910 --> 00:10:59,910 on Mars. 169 00:10:59,910 --> 00:11:11,290 The storm had escalated to severe and we had no choice but to abort the mission. 170 00:11:11,290 --> 00:11:24,570 But, during the evacuation, astronaut Marc Watney was killed. 171 00:11:24,570 --> 00:11:26,610 I'm entering this log for the record. 172 00:11:26,610 --> 00:11:33,780 This is Marc Watney, and I'm still alive, obviously. 173 00:11:33,780 --> 00:11:38,230 I have no way to contact NASA or my crewmates. 174 00:11:38,230 --> 00:11:43,520 But, even if I could, it would take four years for another manned mission to reach me, and 175 00:11:43,520 --> 00:11:46,250 I'm in a Hab designed to last 31 days. 176 00:11:46,250 --> 00:11:50,210 So, in the face of overwhelming odds, I'm left with only one option. 177 00:11:50,210 --> 00:11:53,550 I'm gonna have to science the **** out of this. 178 00:11:53,550 --> 00:11:56,190 Okay, let's do the math. 179 00:11:56,190 --> 00:12:01,620 I got to figure out how to grow four years worth of food, here, on a planet where nothing 180 00:12:01,620 --> 00:12:02,620 grows. 181 00:12:02,620 --> 00:12:07,130 But, if I can't figure out a way to make contact with NASA, none of this matters anyway. 182 00:12:07,130 --> 00:12:09,200 Houston be advised. 183 00:12:09,200 --> 00:12:12,670 We've got a video message. 184 00:12:12,670 --> 00:12:17,870 It's directed to the whole crew. 185 00:12:17,870 --> 00:12:19,800 Play it. 186 00:12:19,800 --> 00:12:24,630 Mark Watney is still alive. 187 00:12:24,630 --> 00:12:26,140 In your face, Neil Armstrong. 188 00:12:26,140 --> 00:12:27,940 We left him behind. 189 00:12:27,940 --> 00:12:30,180 Let's go get our boy. 190 00:12:30,180 --> 00:12:32,400 This is something NASA rejected. 191 00:12:32,400 --> 00:12:34,350 So, we're talking mutiny. 192 00:12:34,350 --> 00:12:38,170 And if we mess up the supply rendez-vous, we die. 193 00:12:38,170 --> 00:12:44,750 If we mess-up the earth gravity assist, we die. 194 00:12:44,750 --> 00:12:52,230 It's space, it doesn't cooperate. 195 00:12:52,230 --> 00:13:04,360 I guarantee you, that at some point, everything is gonna go south on you. 196 00:13:04,360 --> 00:13:08,430 And you're gonna say "this is it". 197 00:13:08,430 --> 00:13:12,040 "This is how I end." 198 00:13:12,040 --> 00:13:38,710 Is it possible that he's still alive? 199 00:13:38,710 --> 00:13:41,070 That guy really has it all, doesn't he? 200 00:13:41,070 --> 00:13:44,170 He's the bad guy in Interstellar; he's the good guy in The Martian. 201 00:13:44,170 --> 00:13:46,650 I mean, good Lord. 202 00:13:46,650 --> 00:13:49,130 Well, that looks incredible. 203 00:13:49,130 --> 00:13:50,130 Really excited. 204 00:13:50,130 --> 00:13:51,630 All right. 205 00:13:51,630 --> 00:13:54,040 Let's get started with our first part here. 206 00:13:54,040 --> 00:14:01,170 Really just talking about the relationship between space science and science fiction. 207 00:14:01,170 --> 00:14:08,430 Really throughout NASA's history, it's been inspired by science fiction and it's conversely 208 00:14:08,430 --> 00:14:10,290 influenced it. 209 00:14:10,290 --> 00:14:14,380 So, I guess I'll pose it to you guys first. 210 00:14:14,380 --> 00:14:18,279 Amber, you can go first, you know? 211 00:14:18,279 --> 00:14:26,140 How were you directly influenced by pop culture and sci-fi and everything under the sun there? 212 00:14:26,140 --> 00:14:27,140 Yeah, I definitely was. 213 00:14:27,140 --> 00:14:30,310 I think pop culture, science fiction all along the way has had a big influence on me. 214 00:14:30,310 --> 00:14:35,070 I mean, yeah, movies like that and Star Trek, the whole thing. 215 00:14:35,070 --> 00:14:37,750 It's just--yeah, it's awesome. 216 00:14:37,750 --> 00:14:42,650 I also--I grew up in rural Arkansas on a farm in the middle of nowhere. 217 00:14:42,650 --> 00:14:46,460 And so, the beauty of the universe itself has also been a big inspiration to me from 218 00:14:46,460 --> 00:14:48,770 the time I was a little kid. 219 00:14:48,770 --> 00:14:50,690 But, I think--I don't know. 220 00:14:50,690 --> 00:14:58,240 I think that the way that NASA and science fiction sort of mutually influence each other 221 00:14:58,240 --> 00:14:59,240 is really cool. 222 00:14:59,240 --> 00:15:02,910 It's a really fun thing that happens. 223 00:15:02,910 --> 00:15:05,710 And I don't really think it's surprising. 224 00:15:05,710 --> 00:15:11,960 You know, I think both of these realms, science fiction and NASA, they sort of strive for 225 00:15:11,960 --> 00:15:12,960 great things. 226 00:15:12,960 --> 00:15:18,529 You know, they're all about imaging a better future, imagining things that is just barely 227 00:15:18,529 --> 00:15:20,990 beyond a reach of what we can do now. 228 00:15:20,990 --> 00:15:27,220 And I think that's why that they're so related and they influence each other and why so many 229 00:15:27,220 --> 00:15:30,760 of us find those common interests of science and science fiction. 230 00:15:30,760 --> 00:15:33,410 Kev, what about you, buddy? 231 00:15:33,410 --> 00:15:34,480 Similar influences. 232 00:15:34,480 --> 00:15:37,980 Yeah, I wanted to be Elliott in E.T. 233 00:15:37,980 --> 00:15:38,980 Mm-hmm. 234 00:15:38,980 --> 00:15:45,941 Grew up in Vermont and was always looking for that spaceship in the woods. 235 00:15:45,941 --> 00:15:46,941 Sadly, it never came. 236 00:15:46,941 --> 00:15:48,100 Would you not be here anymore had it had? 237 00:15:48,100 --> 00:15:52,000 Think about where I would be. 238 00:15:52,000 --> 00:15:59,170 But, that sort of lifecycle of science fiction, feeding into science fact, and then that continuous 239 00:15:59,170 --> 00:16:00,860 loop is so important. 240 00:16:00,860 --> 00:16:11,230 And just watching Aditya's great video here, it makes me think of how long Mars has been 241 00:16:11,230 --> 00:16:15,960 in our sort of social consciousness. 242 00:16:15,960 --> 00:16:21,790 And I'd like to sort of put forth a challenge to this community, such a creative community, 243 00:16:21,790 --> 00:16:28,010 that there are other worlds that really kind of need your help to get imbedded into the 244 00:16:28,010 --> 00:16:29,270 social framework. 245 00:16:29,270 --> 00:16:33,450 These are worlds like Jupiter's moon, Europa; Saturn's moon, Enceladus. 246 00:16:33,450 --> 00:16:37,500 These are not moons where we're necessarily going to put astronauts down on the surface, 247 00:16:37,500 --> 00:16:42,300 although I did help out with the Europa report, which I think did a really nice job with that. 248 00:16:42,300 --> 00:16:44,900 You know, we're going to be sending robots there. 249 00:16:44,900 --> 00:16:51,870 And our ability as NASA to send robots to these worlds is greatly helped by the degree 250 00:16:51,870 --> 00:17:01,300 to which the public identifies with and gets the profound scientific potential and imagination 251 00:17:01,300 --> 00:17:04,529 of new worlds and new life forms that could exist. 252 00:17:04,529 --> 00:17:07,270 So, please, you know, don't just think about Mars. 253 00:17:07,270 --> 00:17:13,850 Think about all these other fascinating worlds out there in our solar system. 254 00:17:13,850 --> 00:17:14,860 Amen. 255 00:17:14,860 --> 00:17:19,869 Also, I want to echo that because we need a sequel to The Martian. 256 00:17:19,869 --> 00:17:21,559 Hey. 257 00:17:21,559 --> 00:17:24,409 Matt Damon on Europa or Kristen Wiig? 258 00:17:24,409 --> 00:17:25,669 That would be hilarious. 259 00:17:25,669 --> 00:17:28,350 Aditya, I'll throw it down to you? 260 00:17:28,350 --> 00:17:34,779 What do you think in the film and TV world how NASA and the space program's been a heavy 261 00:17:34,779 --> 00:17:35,779 inspiration? 262 00:17:35,779 --> 00:17:37,999 Well, I--you know, I can just sort of speak personally. 263 00:17:37,999 --> 00:17:42,919 I'm--you know, I'm, I think, roughly the same age as you, Jay, and I kind of came of age, 264 00:17:42,919 --> 00:17:48,840 you know, definitely on Star Wars and definitely on--actually, my personal guilty pleasure 265 00:17:48,840 --> 00:17:51,080 is 2010, the year we made contact. 266 00:17:51,080 --> 00:17:52,080 That's okay. 267 00:17:52,080 --> 00:17:53,080 Don't go to Europa. 268 00:17:53,080 --> 00:17:54,080 I feel the Europa love. 269 00:17:54,080 --> 00:17:55,559 Yeah, attempt no landings there. 270 00:17:55,559 --> 00:17:57,820 Oh, but we must. 271 00:17:57,820 --> 00:18:05,070 But, you know, equally important for me, actually, my first real sort of memories or, you know, 272 00:18:05,070 --> 00:18:09,789 the first time I really thought about space was a little program called 3-2-1 Contact, 273 00:18:09,789 --> 00:18:11,510 which, you know--. 274 00:18:11,510 --> 00:18:12,510 --Yep. 275 00:18:12,510 --> 00:18:18,789 I remember at the time, it was just when Voyager 2 was going by--was doing its flyby of Saturn. 276 00:18:18,789 --> 00:18:19,789 Mm-hmm. 277 00:18:19,789 --> 00:18:23,350 And I remember that just capturing my imagination in such a profound way. 278 00:18:23,350 --> 00:18:29,399 And I also remember on a school field trip, I think in kindergarten, listening on an AM 279 00:18:29,399 --> 00:18:33,990 radio to the landing of the first space shuttle mission, the Columbia. 280 00:18:33,990 --> 00:18:40,820 And by the way, AM radio is what we used to use to learn things before the internet, but 281 00:18:40,820 --> 00:18:44,290 after the telegraph. 282 00:18:44,290 --> 00:18:50,390 Adam, let's take it to you. 283 00:18:50,390 --> 00:18:55,871 What do you think the reason is that your dad and Star Trek touched so many people and 284 00:18:55,871 --> 00:19:04,619 inspired a number of NASA scientists, astronauts, engineers to pursue careers in their fields? 285 00:19:04,619 --> 00:19:10,070 Well, there's been a lot of commentary from scientists about how they were inspired by 286 00:19:10,070 --> 00:19:11,070 Star Trek. 287 00:19:11,070 --> 00:19:15,299 It kind of--it does go hand in hand because there was a lot of space program going on 288 00:19:15,299 --> 00:19:18,409 in the '60s when Star Trek came around. 289 00:19:18,409 --> 00:19:21,330 One of the things that we've heard--you know, I've been doing a lot of interviewing for 290 00:19:21,330 --> 00:19:24,950 this film, For the Love of Spock and talking to a lot of people about Star Trek and really 291 00:19:24,950 --> 00:19:29,230 kind of getting into the milieu of what people are thinking and why it resonates--Star Trek 292 00:19:29,230 --> 00:19:30,230 resonates so much. 293 00:19:30,230 --> 00:19:34,980 And one of the things that people have commented on repeatedly is the fact that Star Trek takes 294 00:19:34,980 --> 00:19:38,020 place in the 23rd century and the world is good. 295 00:19:38,020 --> 00:19:43,080 You know, the future is good, which was particularly interesting for the time period in which Star 296 00:19:43,080 --> 00:19:48,529 Trek was first premiered because we're dealing with the '60s where there's all this social 297 00:19:48,529 --> 00:19:55,649 unrest and there's--the Cold War is still kind of permeating society. 298 00:19:55,649 --> 00:19:58,929 There's anti-war demonstration going on. 299 00:19:58,929 --> 00:20:04,450 So, in the midst of all that kind of turmoil of the '60s, this positive message that people 300 00:20:04,450 --> 00:20:09,370 can come together from all different backgrounds, races, and nationalities, including, you know, 301 00:20:09,370 --> 00:20:13,580 a gentlemen who happens to be half alien and work together for one common goal, which is 302 00:20:13,580 --> 00:20:15,130 space exploration. 303 00:20:15,130 --> 00:20:20,270 And the good of mankind is something that has, I think, inspired a lot of people. 304 00:20:20,270 --> 00:20:27,759 That just--yeah, I think that general message that Gene Roddenberry was trying to portray 305 00:20:27,759 --> 00:20:32,580 which is that the future is good; it's going to be good was a great inspiration to people. 306 00:20:32,580 --> 00:20:37,830 But, the other thing that is so interesting about Star Trek is that it really inspired 307 00:20:37,830 --> 00:20:39,970 a lot of creativity in the scientific community. 308 00:20:39,970 --> 00:20:42,259 There's so much technology in Star Trek. 309 00:20:42,259 --> 00:20:49,760 A lot of it just by--invented by necessity for the show to function that has come into 310 00:20:49,760 --> 00:20:50,760 reality. 311 00:20:50,760 --> 00:20:54,249 We're talking about communicators looking like--well, the old cell phone, you know? 312 00:20:54,249 --> 00:20:55,249 The flip--. 313 00:20:55,249 --> 00:20:56,249 --Yeah, the flip phone, yeah--. 314 00:20:56,249 --> 00:20:57,249 --Phone that we used to have, right? 315 00:20:57,249 --> 00:20:58,659 We're already past the communicator now. 316 00:20:58,659 --> 00:21:02,370 But, the whole idea of the personal computer. 317 00:21:02,370 --> 00:21:06,249 I mean, there's computers all over all--you know, on board the Starship Enterprise, which 318 00:21:06,249 --> 00:21:10,169 they interact with on a daily basis, which was not--there were no personal computers 319 00:21:10,169 --> 00:21:11,169 back then. 320 00:21:11,169 --> 00:21:14,480 So, that was something that was a challenge that inspired people. 321 00:21:14,480 --> 00:21:22,850 The whole idea of a space exploration--we haven't quite gotten the traveling faster 322 00:21:22,850 --> 00:21:26,110 than the speed of light, you know, quite under our belts yet. 323 00:21:26,110 --> 00:21:30,409 This idea of warping space so that we can get from one end of the galaxy to another 324 00:21:30,409 --> 00:21:33,769 within that one hour timeframe of network TV. 325 00:21:33,769 --> 00:21:38,919 You know, I mean, apparently the galaxy--I just learned this from [unintelligible], the 326 00:21:38,919 --> 00:21:41,710 galaxy is 100,000 light years in diameter, right? 327 00:21:41,710 --> 00:21:42,710 Okay. 328 00:21:42,710 --> 00:21:46,149 So, it would take a while for him to get one to the other. 329 00:21:46,149 --> 00:21:50,070 So, there are all these--and then the whole thing about beaming down the planet surface 330 00:21:50,070 --> 00:21:54,159 was something that is also inspired people to try to figure out a way to strive for these 331 00:21:54,159 --> 00:21:55,159 things. 332 00:21:55,159 --> 00:21:59,429 We don't have the physics for it yet, necessarily, but these are all things that have kind of 333 00:21:59,429 --> 00:22:04,840 driven the imagination of the scientific and technological community to make into reality 334 00:22:04,840 --> 00:22:07,549 things that we were just dreaming about back in the '60s. 335 00:22:07,549 --> 00:22:08,549 That's great. 336 00:22:08,549 --> 00:22:09,600 Can I just add something? 337 00:22:09,600 --> 00:22:10,600 Yeah, please. 338 00:22:10,600 --> 00:22:15,230 You were talking about the various devices and it reminded one of the mythical things 339 00:22:15,230 --> 00:22:19,809 that we would love to create in the astrobiology community that evades us is the tri-quarter. 340 00:22:19,809 --> 00:22:27,350 You know, we have meetings about what payload, what instruments could help us definitively 341 00:22:27,350 --> 00:22:32,860 say whether or not we have found life and we don't have the magical tri-quarter yet. 342 00:22:32,860 --> 00:22:36,909 We have various instruments can--that can triangulate on the question. 343 00:22:36,909 --> 00:22:39,450 But, boy, I would love to have that little thing that just tells me, oh, this is based 344 00:22:39,450 --> 00:22:41,999 on this kind of compound and such and such. 345 00:22:41,999 --> 00:22:44,179 This is the biochemistry. 346 00:22:44,179 --> 00:22:50,080 We're not there, but it's--the tri-quarter is referenced constantly in the astrobiology 347 00:22:50,080 --> 00:22:51,379 world because we want one. 348 00:22:51,379 --> 00:22:52,379 We're getting close. 349 00:22:52,379 --> 00:22:56,690 Some of the rovers--some of those instruments on the rovers, they're doing a smaller version 350 00:22:56,690 --> 00:22:57,760 of that. 351 00:22:59,760 --> 00:22:58,760 Yeah. 352 00:22:59,760 --> 00:23:00,760 Right. 353 00:23:00,760 --> 00:23:02,080 And one other thing, if--. 354 00:23:02,080 --> 00:23:03,159 --Oh, please. 355 00:23:03,159 --> 00:23:09,570 You know, you touched on creativity and I think a lot of times when people think of 356 00:23:09,570 --> 00:23:10,570 science, they think of, you know, cut and dry sort of cold facts. 357 00:23:10,570 --> 00:23:11,570 It's sort of separative from creativity. 358 00:23:11,570 --> 00:23:15,549 But, there is so much creativity that is required to do all these awesome things that NASA does. 359 00:23:15,549 --> 00:23:20,130 You know, rovers on Mars and sending people to Mars in the future and building these huge 360 00:23:20,130 --> 00:23:23,019 telescopes that we send out to space. 361 00:23:23,019 --> 00:23:27,350 Amazing amounts of creativity that are required to make these things a reality. 362 00:23:27,350 --> 00:23:28,350 Absolutely. 363 00:23:28,350 --> 00:23:34,749 I mean, we would never go anywhere if anybody didn't have the creativity. 364 00:23:34,749 --> 00:23:35,749 Okay. 365 00:23:35,749 --> 00:23:43,580 Aditya, you talked a little bit about how you found the book and optioned it, but maybe 366 00:23:43,580 --> 00:23:47,279 you wanted to touch a little bit about, you know, how you had to work so closely with 367 00:23:47,279 --> 00:23:48,279 NASA and--. 368 00:23:48,279 --> 00:23:49,279 --Yeah--. 369 00:23:49,279 --> 00:23:50,279 --They were there day after day on the set, right? 370 00:23:50,279 --> 00:23:51,279 I imagine. 371 00:23:51,279 --> 00:23:59,369 They--NASA was, it turns out, very excited about movies that make NASA look awesome, 372 00:23:59,369 --> 00:24:01,759 and deservedly so because NASA is awesome. 373 00:24:01,759 --> 00:24:06,419 I just want to be--you know, they really just rolled out the red carpet for us. 374 00:24:06,419 --> 00:24:12,980 And, you know, Jim Green and his whole team, you know, answered every question that we 375 00:24:12,980 --> 00:24:17,840 could possibly have about, you know, would this thing, you know, really work. 376 00:24:17,840 --> 00:24:21,330 And I think that's one of the really--for me, one of the really wonderful things about 377 00:24:21,330 --> 00:24:27,769 The Martian is--and it started from Andy's book, you know, is really the commitment to 378 00:24:27,769 --> 00:24:30,289 reality, you know? 379 00:24:30,289 --> 00:24:34,879 I think there's--you know, science fiction is great and I love science fiction that, 380 00:24:34,879 --> 00:24:39,389 you know, goes very far off-field from what our, you know, day to day experience is. 381 00:24:39,389 --> 00:24:46,049 But, there is so much drama in what actually exists and I think that this is a rare opportunity 382 00:24:46,049 --> 00:24:49,429 for us to make a movie that really takes advantage of that. 383 00:24:49,429 --> 00:24:56,200 And I think NASA, you know, every--you know, every person that we've talked to, I think 384 00:24:56,200 --> 00:24:58,909 it's something that they've echoed to us, too. 385 00:24:58,909 --> 00:25:04,299 That, you know, we want people to actually get a feeling of what it's going to be like 386 00:25:04,299 --> 00:25:05,489 to go to Mars. 387 00:25:05,489 --> 00:25:11,249 And I mean, we kind of got a hint of it from the trailer, but what would you say is the 388 00:25:11,249 --> 00:25:15,799 bigger human message that The Martian wants to deliver to the masses? 389 00:25:15,799 --> 00:25:18,370 You know, it's a really interesting thing. 390 00:25:18,370 --> 00:25:23,169 I think one of the wonderful--one of the other wonderful things about The Martian, it actually 391 00:25:23,169 --> 00:25:28,510 reminded me a lot of--I don't know if you guys ever read the book, Watership Down, you 392 00:25:28,510 --> 00:25:29,510 know? 393 00:25:29,510 --> 00:25:30,510 Mm-hmm. 394 00:25:30,510 --> 00:25:31,700 That--it's a book--that book's about rabbits, right, on an adventure. 395 00:25:31,700 --> 00:25:35,509 But, I think everybody who read that book and was touched by that book found their own 396 00:25:35,509 --> 00:25:37,739 sort of message and their own sort of meaning in it. 397 00:25:37,739 --> 00:25:41,220 And I actually think The Martian kind of did a similar thing, for me. 398 00:25:41,220 --> 00:25:46,140 And I knew--you know, I read the book overnight and it's one of the things that we do in this 399 00:25:46,140 --> 00:25:50,519 business is you want to read for pleasure, but sometimes you just have to read things 400 00:25:50,519 --> 00:25:55,649 really quickly because, you know, other people are also reading at the same time and chasing 401 00:25:55,649 --> 00:25:56,649 the same things. 402 00:25:56,649 --> 00:26:02,840 But, I read the book and Fox optioned it and that weekend, I gave it to my wife. 403 00:26:02,840 --> 00:26:06,929 And I will tell you, you could not pay my wife enough money to read a science fiction 404 00:26:06,929 --> 00:26:07,929 book. 405 00:26:07,929 --> 00:26:10,590 Like, it's just--it's not something that she's remotely interested in. 406 00:26:10,590 --> 00:26:15,230 And she took that book and she read it, I think, faster than I did. 407 00:26:15,230 --> 00:26:19,289 And she just found something in there that really just spoke to her as well and I think 408 00:26:19,289 --> 00:26:22,350 it's a combination of optimism. 409 00:26:22,350 --> 00:26:26,519 It's a love letter to NASA, it's a love letter to science, it's a love letter to, you know, 410 00:26:26,519 --> 00:26:27,519 stick-to-itiveness. 411 00:26:27,519 --> 00:26:33,730 And, you know, I just--I think it's a really just fantastic. 412 00:26:33,730 --> 00:26:36,269 We're all very excited. 413 00:26:36,269 --> 00:26:37,549 All right. 414 00:26:37,549 --> 00:26:39,899 Let's switch gears a little bit here. 415 00:26:39,899 --> 00:26:48,289 So, Kevin, there's hundreds of billions of solar systems in the Milky Way. 416 00:26:48,289 --> 00:26:49,289 Correct. 417 00:26:51,289 --> 00:26:50,289 Roughly? 418 00:26:53,289 --> 00:26:52,289 There's a lot. 419 00:26:53,289 --> 00:26:54,289 Mm-hmm. 420 00:26:54,289 --> 00:26:57,929 And there's 100 billion, give or take a billion or two, galaxies in the universe. 421 00:26:57,929 --> 00:26:59,890 It's in that range. 422 00:26:59,890 --> 00:27:00,890 Okay. 423 00:27:00,890 --> 00:27:04,549 Do you think maybe there's another planet out there that has life on it? 424 00:27:04,549 --> 00:27:10,950 Well, the Kepler Spacecraft and JWST will do a nice job. 425 00:27:10,950 --> 00:27:17,950 Well, the Kepler Spacecraft has already discovered many of these planets that have given us some 426 00:27:17,950 --> 00:27:25,990 confidence that Earth-like planets do exist out there beyond our sun. 427 00:27:25,990 --> 00:27:28,169 And those worlds are fantastic. 428 00:27:28,169 --> 00:27:31,249 It's a little frustrating, though, because we don't yet have warp drives. 429 00:27:31,249 --> 00:27:36,610 So, once we find an Earth-like planet, it's going to take us a long time to get there. 430 00:27:36,610 --> 00:27:42,710 And in the meantime, I hope that we can really push forward with our robotic exploration 431 00:27:42,710 --> 00:27:45,770 of these worlds that have liquid water today. 432 00:27:45,770 --> 00:27:51,360 You know, Europa has got two to three times the volume of all the liquid water that we 433 00:27:51,360 --> 00:27:52,360 have here on Earth. 434 00:27:52,360 --> 00:27:53,940 It's good old fashioned H2O. 435 00:27:53,940 --> 00:27:55,379 It's a little bit salty. 436 00:27:55,379 --> 00:27:56,919 You probably wouldn't want to drink it. 437 00:27:56,919 --> 00:28:00,879 But, it's there today and it's been there for the history of the solar system. 438 00:28:00,879 --> 00:28:07,139 And so, this little geochemistry experiment that might've yielded biology is out there 439 00:28:07,139 --> 00:28:09,700 orbiting Jupiter waiting for us to explore it. 440 00:28:09,700 --> 00:28:16,820 And recently, NASA gave the green light to a mission that was formally known as Europa 441 00:28:16,820 --> 00:28:17,820 Clipper. 442 00:28:17,820 --> 00:28:21,030 It'll be renamed something soon. 443 00:28:21,030 --> 00:28:25,990 And that mission will be fantastic for revealing lots of secrets about Europa. 444 00:28:25,990 --> 00:28:27,690 But, that's just the beginning. 445 00:28:27,690 --> 00:28:29,350 We need to put things down on the surface. 446 00:28:29,350 --> 00:28:34,049 We need to melt through that ice and we need to explore that ocean in great detail. 447 00:28:34,049 --> 00:28:40,429 And what's great about that is as we develop those tools and technologies, we need to test 448 00:28:40,429 --> 00:28:41,429 them someplace. 449 00:28:41,429 --> 00:28:46,139 And my hope is that we can test them here on Earth and explore our own ocean and better 450 00:28:46,139 --> 00:28:51,659 understand the ocean that is so precious and necessary for life here on Earth. 451 00:28:51,659 --> 00:28:56,659 So, it's a win-win when NASA decides to explore something and to dare mighty things. 452 00:28:56,659 --> 00:29:02,450 We'll learn more about our home planet, how to protect it, and we might find life elsewhere. 453 00:29:02,450 --> 00:29:11,059 By the way, Kevin has made nine dives to the bottom of the ocean, just so you know. 454 00:29:11,059 --> 00:29:13,249 Just curious what you were just talking about, though. 455 00:29:13,249 --> 00:29:18,650 Where would you--what would be your first choice to go to try out those landers and 456 00:29:18,650 --> 00:29:20,379 that drilling equipment and whatnot? 457 00:29:20,379 --> 00:29:22,539 Would it be just, you know, northern Cali? 458 00:29:22,539 --> 00:29:23,620 Or where we going? 459 00:29:23,620 --> 00:29:24,620 No. 460 00:29:24,620 --> 00:29:28,200 We'd go down to Antarctica to Lake Vostok and some of the lakes that are underneath 461 00:29:28,200 --> 00:29:29,960 the Antarctic ice sheet. 462 00:29:29,960 --> 00:29:30,960 Nice. 463 00:29:30,960 --> 00:29:31,960 Yeah. 464 00:29:31,960 --> 00:29:32,960 That'll be fun. 465 00:29:32,960 --> 00:29:34,090 Can I come? 466 00:29:34,090 --> 00:29:35,090 Yeah. 467 00:29:35,090 --> 00:29:37,190 If we can get funding. 468 00:29:39,190 --> 00:29:38,190 Okay. 469 00:29:39,190 --> 00:29:43,940 So, let's talk about exoplanets and the James Webb Telescope, shall we, Amber? 470 00:29:43,940 --> 00:29:45,490 Let's do it. 471 00:29:45,490 --> 00:29:50,409 So, while we've discovered many extra solar planet systems and exoplanets, we have yet 472 00:29:50,409 --> 00:29:53,100 to confirm a true Earth-like planet. 473 00:29:53,100 --> 00:29:56,970 So, what's the future for NASA and the search for life outside our solar system? 474 00:29:56,970 --> 00:29:59,919 What are these discoveries teaching us? 475 00:29:59,919 --> 00:30:06,869 Well, I think it's really important to recognize just how far NASA missions have taken us in 476 00:30:06,869 --> 00:30:10,549 this sort of search for life. 477 00:30:10,549 --> 00:30:14,979 And I mean, what--as an astronomer, one of the things I love most about my job is that 478 00:30:14,979 --> 00:30:18,220 astronomy sort of gets to the heart of our big questions. 479 00:30:18,220 --> 00:30:21,600 You know, they're not just big questions for scientists. 480 00:30:21,600 --> 00:30:23,309 They're big questions for humanity. 481 00:30:23,309 --> 00:30:28,070 You know, where did we come from and how did we get here? 482 00:30:28,070 --> 00:30:29,070 And then the one we're talking about today. 483 00:30:29,070 --> 00:30:30,070 Are we alone? 484 00:30:30,070 --> 00:30:32,940 And those are questions that people have been asking forever. 485 00:30:32,940 --> 00:30:36,970 And I think that's one of the cool things about being a scientist. 486 00:30:36,970 --> 00:30:43,380 And NASA's Kepler Telescope has completely revolutionalized our understanding of planetary 487 00:30:43,380 --> 00:30:44,380 systems. 488 00:30:44,380 --> 00:30:49,380 You know, when I was a kid, we knew of nine planets; the ones in our own solar system. 489 00:30:49,380 --> 00:30:50,380 Didn't know of any others. 490 00:30:50,380 --> 00:30:55,289 And in just my lifetime, you know, now we know that planets are everywhere. 491 00:30:55,289 --> 00:30:58,879 There are probably more planets in our galaxy than there are stars. 492 00:30:58,879 --> 00:31:03,990 So, if you go outside at night, point up at a star, it probably has a planet around it, 493 00:31:03,990 --> 00:31:04,990 right? 494 00:31:04,990 --> 00:31:05,990 That's paradigm shifting. 495 00:31:05,990 --> 00:31:09,039 We didn't know that, even just 15 years ago. 496 00:31:09,039 --> 00:31:14,479 So, the fact that this, you know, relatively small telescope, Kepler, has changed the way 497 00:31:14,479 --> 00:31:19,869 we think about planets is amazing and really it speaks to the amazing things that NASA 498 00:31:19,869 --> 00:31:22,029 missions do. 499 00:31:22,029 --> 00:31:23,029 So--. 500 00:31:23,029 --> 00:31:24,029 --I'm sorry. 501 00:31:24,029 --> 00:31:25,029 Let me interrupt you just real quick. 502 00:31:25,029 --> 00:31:26,029 Yep. 503 00:31:26,029 --> 00:31:27,029 What's the count at right now, by the way, of all the planets? 504 00:31:27,029 --> 00:31:34,240 So, there are just over 4,000 candidates and a little over 1,000--we just surpassed 1,000 505 00:31:34,240 --> 00:31:35,240 planets confirmed this year. 506 00:31:35,240 --> 00:31:36,240 Wow. 507 00:31:36,240 --> 00:31:37,240 Yeah, it's amazing. 508 00:31:37,240 --> 00:31:46,140 And about--I think we're at about a dozen of those that are in the habitable--. 509 00:31:46,140 --> 00:31:47,240 --Habitable zone--. 510 00:31:47,240 --> 00:31:49,600 --Zone; potentially Earth-like planets. 511 00:31:49,600 --> 00:31:51,669 So, yeah. 512 00:31:51,669 --> 00:31:54,369 It's remarkable what Kepler has done. 513 00:31:54,369 --> 00:31:59,139 So--and that's--also, all of those planets that Kepler has found is in a relatively small 514 00:31:59,139 --> 00:32:00,240 part of the sky. 515 00:32:00,240 --> 00:32:04,200 So, Kepler just stares at one small part of the sky to find these exoplanets. 516 00:32:04,200 --> 00:32:08,809 And so, by, you know, imaging what else is out there and the parts of the sky that Kepler's 517 00:32:08,809 --> 00:32:13,580 not looking at, that's how we can kind of estimate the fact that there are billions 518 00:32:13,580 --> 00:32:15,960 and billions of planets in our galaxy alone. 519 00:32:15,960 --> 00:32:21,580 And you've already mentioned, you know, in addition to our galaxy that has a couple hundred 520 00:32:21,580 --> 00:32:27,039 billion stars, there are a couple hundred billion other galaxies outside of our Milky 521 00:32:27,039 --> 00:32:30,109 Way that, you know, certainly have planets, too. 522 00:32:30,109 --> 00:32:31,879 So, the universe is vast. 523 00:32:31,879 --> 00:32:34,330 So, you're saying there's a chance. 524 00:32:34,330 --> 00:32:36,200 There's--there is absolutely a chance. 525 00:32:36,200 --> 00:32:38,690 I think there's a really good chance. 526 00:32:38,690 --> 00:32:44,429 But, thinking about the future--so, the way Kepler finds exoplanets is it stares at these 527 00:32:44,429 --> 00:32:48,769 stars, it watches for a little dip of light, which means that a planet's passed in front 528 00:32:48,769 --> 00:32:49,769 of a star. 529 00:32:49,769 --> 00:32:55,029 And so, by using Kepler, we're able to find planets that are out there and determine some 530 00:32:55,029 --> 00:32:57,379 very basic properties about them. 531 00:32:57,379 --> 00:33:01,129 But, we can't learn a lot of detail about those planets. 532 00:33:01,129 --> 00:33:04,749 And so, we're--we have a couple of missions at NASA coming up. 533 00:33:04,749 --> 00:33:06,869 One is called the TESS Telescope. 534 00:33:06,869 --> 00:33:08,799 And that's going to launch in 2017. 535 00:33:08,799 --> 00:33:11,789 And so, what that's going to do is a similar thing. 536 00:33:11,789 --> 00:33:16,220 It's going to look for transiting exoplanets, but relatively nearby. 537 00:33:16,220 --> 00:33:20,630 So, planets that are orbiting stars that are a lot brighter. 538 00:33:20,630 --> 00:33:22,879 And so, there'd be a lot closer to us. 539 00:33:22,879 --> 00:33:27,470 So, a lot of the planets we've discovered with Kepler are relatively far away within 540 00:33:27,470 --> 00:33:28,940 our own galaxy. 541 00:33:28,940 --> 00:33:35,099 And then, of course, the James Webb Space Telescope, which launches in 2018, I believe, 542 00:33:35,099 --> 00:33:42,320 is really the next huge step in our understanding of these exoplanets because what JWST will 543 00:33:42,320 --> 00:33:49,830 be able to do that Kepler is not able to do is to study in detail the atmospheres of these 544 00:33:49,830 --> 00:33:50,830 exoplanets, right? 545 00:33:50,830 --> 00:33:57,049 So, when those planets cross in front of their star, Webb is going to take detailed spectra 546 00:33:57,049 --> 00:33:59,970 of the atmospheres of these exoplanets. 547 00:33:59,970 --> 00:34:02,279 And that is incredibly hard to do. 548 00:34:02,279 --> 00:34:03,830 Really hard to do, right? 549 00:34:03,830 --> 00:34:07,200 Because stars are huge and bright and planets are tiny and their atmospheres are really, 550 00:34:07,200 --> 00:34:08,200 really thin. 551 00:34:08,200 --> 00:34:13,090 But, we are building this awesome technology to launch on these telescopes to be able to 552 00:34:13,090 --> 00:34:19,800 do this really, really hard science that will enable us to learn about these exoplanets 553 00:34:19,800 --> 00:34:24,420 and find potentially planets that are capable of supporting life. 554 00:34:24,420 --> 00:34:29,909 So, Webb will be able to, for example, detect water vapor in exoplanet atmospheres, right? 555 00:34:29,909 --> 00:34:35,880 So, we could easily find a water world with JWST. 556 00:34:35,880 --> 00:34:37,610 Wow. 557 00:34:37,610 --> 00:34:44,570 I'm just going to go off book here for a second here. 558 00:34:44,570 --> 00:34:48,880 Kev, I want to ask you and Amber both; all four of you really. 559 00:34:48,880 --> 00:34:53,419 Have you guys seen the pictures of Ceres, the dwarf planet? 560 00:34:53,419 --> 00:34:54,419 Yeah. 561 00:34:54,419 --> 00:34:59,820 What are our opinions on the tiny little reflective spots on it? 562 00:34:59,820 --> 00:35:01,280 I'm just curious. 563 00:35:01,280 --> 00:35:02,280 Go ahead, Amber. 564 00:35:02,280 --> 00:35:03,390 You can start it off. 565 00:35:03,390 --> 00:35:05,600 I have no idea. 566 00:35:05,600 --> 00:35:09,470 Probably some type of ice. 567 00:35:09,470 --> 00:35:10,470 I don't know. 568 00:35:10,470 --> 00:35:12,000 Planetary scientist; let him tell you. 569 00:35:12,000 --> 00:35:16,780 Yeah, we'll have to wait until the data comes back so I don't have to speculate. 570 00:35:16,780 --> 00:35:17,850 But, stay tuned. 571 00:35:17,850 --> 00:35:25,680 I think it's potentially some salt evaporite deposits upweld from below. 572 00:35:25,680 --> 00:35:27,700 But, it's too early to tell. 573 00:35:27,700 --> 00:35:31,170 But, the Dawn Spacecraft will give us a lot more data. 574 00:35:31,170 --> 00:35:32,170 It's going to get closer, right? 575 00:35:32,170 --> 00:35:33,170 It's going to get closer shots? 576 00:35:33,170 --> 00:35:34,170 Or is that as close as it's going to get? 577 00:35:34,170 --> 00:35:35,170 It's about as close as it's going to get. 578 00:35:35,170 --> 00:35:39,670 I think it gets a little bit closer later this summer. 579 00:35:39,670 --> 00:35:40,670 Okay. 580 00:35:40,670 --> 00:35:46,730 But, you know, Ceres is a very interesting object in that once upon a time, it likely 581 00:35:46,730 --> 00:35:50,050 did have an ocean beneath its outer shell. 582 00:35:50,050 --> 00:35:56,430 And so, even if Ceres doesn't have an ocean today, it's still a very interesting world 583 00:35:56,430 --> 00:35:59,360 in terms of having water at some point in its past. 584 00:35:59,360 --> 00:36:03,960 Whether or not it had water long enough to give rise to life, whether or not it had the 585 00:36:03,960 --> 00:36:08,110 right chemistry, the mixture of water and rocks that would be needed for life to originate, 586 00:36:08,110 --> 00:36:09,230 that's an open question. 587 00:36:09,230 --> 00:36:14,880 But, it's a fascinating world and we're--what that big old pyramid is and what those bright 588 00:36:14,880 --> 00:36:16,960 spots are, I don't know. 589 00:36:16,960 --> 00:36:18,990 I'll let these guys speculate. 590 00:36:18,990 --> 00:36:19,990 Go ahead. 591 00:36:19,990 --> 00:36:20,990 Speculate away. 592 00:36:20,990 --> 00:36:26,810 I'm going to go for definitive proof of an ancient hybrid alien civilization. 593 00:36:26,810 --> 00:36:33,300 That's what I was looking for, baby. 594 00:36:33,300 --> 00:36:34,470 Yeah. 595 00:36:34,470 --> 00:36:39,690 I suffer no professional penalty if I'm wrong. 596 00:36:39,690 --> 00:36:41,580 Adam, thoughts? 597 00:36:41,580 --> 00:36:44,420 No, I pass. 598 00:36:44,420 --> 00:36:46,280 I can't follow up on that one. 599 00:36:46,280 --> 00:36:47,280 Okay. 600 00:36:47,280 --> 00:36:51,370 I will just say that they did put a picture of Vegas from the International Space Station, 601 00:36:51,370 --> 00:36:54,460 which would've been a little too close to compare, but they did put it up next to it 602 00:36:54,460 --> 00:36:55,460 and it did look very similar. 603 00:36:55,460 --> 00:37:01,770 So, they were thinking maybe there was some gambling going on down there. 604 00:37:01,770 --> 00:37:02,770 Okay. 605 00:37:02,770 --> 00:37:05,340 So, we're onto our last little section here. 606 00:37:05,340 --> 00:37:08,410 How are we doing on our time? 607 00:37:08,410 --> 00:37:09,410 We're good. 608 00:37:09,410 --> 00:37:19,210 So, two words, guys: Leonard Nimoy. 609 00:37:19,210 --> 00:37:27,820 Or as he was better known as, Mr. Spock; an alien from the planet Vulcan. 610 00:37:27,820 --> 00:37:33,560 I just want to switch gears a little bit and talk about your dad and his life, his legacy, 611 00:37:33,560 --> 00:37:39,680 how he was such an inspiration to so many people. 612 00:37:39,680 --> 00:37:47,740 Why don't you--I mean, he's been an icon for generations; people that weren't even born 613 00:37:47,740 --> 00:37:50,130 when Star Trek was on TV. 614 00:37:50,130 --> 00:37:56,350 And you know, that's something that continues to resonate so intensely for so many people. 615 00:37:56,350 --> 00:38:00,400 Obviously, his loss was a loss for the world. 616 00:38:00,400 --> 00:38:09,170 And I was just curious what about Spock do you think touched such curiosity for his character? 617 00:38:09,170 --> 00:38:12,570 Why did he become an icon in our pop culture? 618 00:38:12,570 --> 00:38:17,450 It's kind of a long question. 619 00:38:17,450 --> 00:38:18,450 But--. 620 00:38:18,450 --> 00:38:21,530 --It's a tough one. 621 00:38:21,530 --> 00:38:27,360 It's interesting to me that after my dad passed away, there had been so much outpouring of 622 00:38:27,360 --> 00:38:35,940 emotion about, you know, oddly enough, that a man who tried to wrestle with his emotions, 623 00:38:35,940 --> 00:38:41,080 about the loss of Spock and what he had meant to so many people. 624 00:38:41,080 --> 00:38:44,530 And for a number of reasons, which I can kind of talk a little bit about. 625 00:38:44,530 --> 00:38:48,130 The other thing that was kind of interesting I want to mention now is that not only were 626 00:38:48,130 --> 00:38:53,680 people kind of grieving for the loss of this pop culture icon, but there were a number 627 00:38:53,680 --> 00:38:59,230 of people who expressed their grief about losing Leonard Nimoy, the artist, as well. 628 00:38:59,230 --> 00:39:04,480 But, the two have become so entwined with one another. 629 00:39:04,480 --> 00:39:09,680 And I've discovered, interestingly enough, it was kind of a surprise to me that a part 630 00:39:09,680 --> 00:39:14,940 of the longevity of Spock was the various things that people were--that resonated with 631 00:39:14,940 --> 00:39:18,570 different people throughout all of society, including scientists. 632 00:39:18,570 --> 00:39:23,120 But, another factor that I didn't really quite understand was that people generally liked 633 00:39:23,120 --> 00:39:31,030 Leonard Nimoy as an artist, as a humanitarian, and that he resonated with a number of people 634 00:39:31,030 --> 00:39:32,720 across the planet. 635 00:39:32,720 --> 00:39:37,980 And the--you know, the kind of symbiotic relationship between the two kept them both going, interestingly 636 00:39:37,980 --> 00:39:38,980 enough. 637 00:39:38,980 --> 00:39:42,340 I didn't really fully understand this because I thought it was going to just be a big, you 638 00:39:42,340 --> 00:39:44,800 know--the whole thing was going to be Spock, Spock, Spock. 639 00:39:44,800 --> 00:39:48,110 But, it was--there was a lot of Leonard--a lot of love for Leonard in there, which was 640 00:39:48,110 --> 00:39:52,800 very surprising and, you know, heartwarming to me, frankly, and the rest of the family 641 00:39:52,800 --> 00:39:54,680 during the grieving process. 642 00:39:54,680 --> 00:39:59,360 But, the thing about Spock that's so interesting is that there's so many different segments 643 00:39:59,360 --> 00:40:03,550 of society that have claimed him as their own, you know? 644 00:40:03,550 --> 00:40:09,330 And certainly the science community repeatedly has come out in support of Spock as kind of, 645 00:40:09,330 --> 00:40:15,800 you know, an iconic image for them or as an ideal for scientists, scientific study in 646 00:40:15,800 --> 00:40:19,070 large part because he was logical. 647 00:40:19,070 --> 00:40:22,620 He was the cool head, you know, on the bridge of the Enterprise. 648 00:40:22,620 --> 00:40:26,960 He was not the mad scientist in--you know, in some laboratory basement somewhere on the 649 00:40:26,960 --> 00:40:28,000 Enterprise. 650 00:40:28,000 --> 00:40:31,220 He was right there with the rest of the crew. 651 00:40:31,220 --> 00:40:35,470 And, you know--and the other thing that was interesting to me is that Spock was also in 652 00:40:35,470 --> 00:40:36,470 a command position. 653 00:40:36,470 --> 00:40:37,960 I mean, he's the first officer. 654 00:40:37,960 --> 00:40:41,430 When Kirk is on the planet, the scientist takes over the ship. 655 00:40:41,430 --> 00:40:44,160 And I'm sure most scientists just love that, you know? 656 00:40:44,160 --> 00:40:47,970 That's the way it should be. 657 00:40:47,970 --> 00:40:54,930 So, that really, you know, resonated with the science community and that he was cool. 658 00:40:54,930 --> 00:41:00,160 You know, that the nerd, the geek could be the outsider, could be somebody who was cool 659 00:41:00,160 --> 00:41:03,870 and logical and thoughtful and interesting to, obviously, to look at. 660 00:41:03,870 --> 00:41:09,050 There was a lot, you know, in terms of--the other way of looking at this is kind of, which 661 00:41:09,050 --> 00:41:13,060 I really want to talk about very briefly but it's important to cover, is that, you know, 662 00:41:13,060 --> 00:41:16,230 this idea of Spock resonated with Leonard. 663 00:41:16,230 --> 00:41:21,850 You see, the whole idea of bringing life to the character that my dad would use as his 664 00:41:21,850 --> 00:41:28,120 method was to bring something of his own personal life to each of the characters that he was 665 00:41:28,120 --> 00:41:31,570 creating or trying to give life to. 666 00:41:31,570 --> 00:41:36,330 My dad reminded me not long before he died that Spock was the only alien on the crew 667 00:41:36,330 --> 00:41:37,400 of the Enterprise. 668 00:41:37,400 --> 00:41:42,160 On the bridge, on the core crew of the Enterprise, he is the only alien. 669 00:41:42,160 --> 00:41:48,630 And that as such, his objective, that his issue was how to integrate himself into the 670 00:41:48,630 --> 00:41:51,820 human society of his colleagues on that ship. 671 00:41:51,820 --> 00:41:55,530 How to give the best that he had to give. 672 00:41:55,530 --> 00:42:00,340 How to use his scientific knowledge that he had to offer for the benefit of his shipmates 673 00:42:00,340 --> 00:42:01,960 and his crew. 674 00:42:01,960 --> 00:42:06,590 And that was sort of, you know, his overall objective, to stay a part of the group, a 675 00:42:06,590 --> 00:42:08,120 part of the team. 676 00:42:08,120 --> 00:42:13,080 This happened to be the exact same issue that my father was confronted with as a young man 677 00:42:13,080 --> 00:42:14,780 growing up in the west end of Boston. 678 00:42:14,780 --> 00:42:19,390 He was the son of Russian immigrant parents, living in a heavy immigrant neighborhood in 679 00:42:19,390 --> 00:42:20,510 the west end. 680 00:42:20,510 --> 00:42:26,550 It was Irish and Italian Catholics and Russian and European Jews. 681 00:42:26,550 --> 00:42:28,370 Very heavy immigrant environment. 682 00:42:28,370 --> 00:42:32,880 And his--and the whole issue for his life was how to be able to transcend that and give 683 00:42:32,880 --> 00:42:36,720 the best that he had to give to society as a whole. 684 00:42:36,720 --> 00:42:42,380 So, it was his ability to bring his own personal experience into the life of Spock, which enabled 685 00:42:42,380 --> 00:42:50,260 him to create this incredibly complex and dynamic inter-life for Mr. Spock because there's 686 00:42:50,260 --> 00:42:52,100 not--you know, there's not a bunch of emotion. 687 00:42:52,100 --> 00:42:54,730 There's not a whole lot of dialogue for Spock. 688 00:42:54,730 --> 00:42:55,730 He's very introspective. 689 00:42:55,730 --> 00:43:00,150 Yet, when he raises his eyebrow, you know that he's thinking something. 690 00:43:00,150 --> 00:43:01,910 He's commenting on something. 691 00:43:01,910 --> 00:43:04,030 There's something going on internally for him. 692 00:43:04,030 --> 00:43:07,760 So, being the outsider has also resonated with people. 693 00:43:07,760 --> 00:43:12,160 Trying to integrate with the whole of the group has resonated with people. 694 00:43:12,160 --> 00:43:15,610 Being a minority on that crew has resonated with people. 695 00:43:15,610 --> 00:43:18,660 And the other thing that's been very interesting in the research I've been doing for this film, 696 00:43:18,660 --> 00:43:25,140 For the Love of Spock, is that early on--within the first month of Star Trek airing, it became 697 00:43:25,140 --> 00:43:35,360 very apparent that Spock was very much loved by the female fan base. 698 00:43:35,360 --> 00:43:39,740 That by the time they aired the "Naked Time", in which he had that scene with, you know, 699 00:43:39,740 --> 00:43:46,970 Nurse Chappell in, you know, sick bay, and she expressed her love for him, that unleashed 700 00:43:46,970 --> 00:43:52,570 this incredible letter writing campaign of women fans out there who wanted to echo that 701 00:43:52,570 --> 00:43:58,080 and make sure that they knew that Spock was very much loved, not only by Nurse Chappell. 702 00:43:58,080 --> 00:44:01,660 So, this whole idea of being unattainable. 703 00:44:01,660 --> 00:44:06,860 And in fact, there was an article written by Isaac Asimov for TV Guide entitled, "Spock 704 00:44:06,860 --> 00:44:12,470 is Dreamy," which was--which is a title that his daughter came up with this idea because 705 00:44:12,470 --> 00:44:13,510 he is a scientist. 706 00:44:13,510 --> 00:44:14,910 You know, he said that he's an open book. 707 00:44:14,910 --> 00:44:17,710 He just loved women and they didn't show that much interest for him. 708 00:44:17,710 --> 00:44:22,980 But, to be a scientist who was no quite attainable was something else, that was a challenge to 709 00:44:22,980 --> 00:44:26,840 women, and it was also resonating with that whole other segment of society. 710 00:44:26,840 --> 00:44:28,210 So, all these things. 711 00:44:28,210 --> 00:44:33,730 All--there was so much of Spock that people could relate to on so many different levels. 712 00:44:33,730 --> 00:44:37,220 And then we have the syndication market which kept Star Trek alive. 713 00:44:37,220 --> 00:44:38,230 Yes. 714 00:44:38,230 --> 00:44:42,170 Five nights a week, you know, 5:00, marathons on the weekend. 715 00:44:42,170 --> 00:44:47,820 During the '70s, when I was in college, everybody was in the TV room watching Star Trek. 716 00:44:47,820 --> 00:44:48,960 That has kept him alive. 717 00:44:48,960 --> 00:44:54,060 And then we have the movie franchise, which has kept Spock and the Enterprise and Star 718 00:44:54,060 --> 00:44:56,240 Trek and the franchise alive. 719 00:44:56,240 --> 00:44:57,590 And then we have the internet. 720 00:44:57,590 --> 00:45:01,330 We have--you know, and we have pop, you know, culture and pop art. 721 00:45:01,330 --> 00:45:05,370 We see the image of Spock just keep showing up everywhere in the most unexpected places; 722 00:45:05,370 --> 00:45:07,590 on TV shows, in movies, in art. 723 00:45:07,590 --> 00:45:13,180 And it's just--it's so interesting that all he was trying to do was create an interesting 724 00:45:13,180 --> 00:45:15,050 and dynamic character. 725 00:45:15,050 --> 00:45:19,840 He never set out to create this pop culture icon, but the end result is what we've come 726 00:45:19,840 --> 00:45:23,840 to know and love as Mr. Spock. 727 00:45:23,840 --> 00:45:25,320 That's great. 728 00:45:25,320 --> 00:45:26,800 I'm curious. 729 00:45:26,800 --> 00:45:33,300 We were talking to--back there about this a little bit, but did he always have an interest 730 00:45:33,300 --> 00:45:34,300 in space exploration? 731 00:45:34,300 --> 00:45:38,980 I mean, did you guys, you know, sit around the dinner table and talk about the Apollo 732 00:45:38,980 --> 00:45:39,980 program? 733 00:45:39,980 --> 00:45:40,980 Or how did that work out? 734 00:45:40,980 --> 00:45:44,220 That would be logical, but that is not what went down. 735 00:45:44,220 --> 00:45:49,260 It's so interesting that, you know, in the '60s, there's this space race to the moon, 736 00:45:49,260 --> 00:45:51,350 you know, because of Sputnik. 737 00:45:51,350 --> 00:45:56,800 We have, you know, all this launching of all these, you know--of these probes that are 738 00:45:56,800 --> 00:46:02,890 going out, of the telecommunication satellites, of navigation satellites, of space exploration 739 00:46:02,890 --> 00:46:03,890 satellites. 740 00:46:03,890 --> 00:46:04,890 This is all in the '60s. 741 00:46:04,890 --> 00:46:06,500 And then we have the manned space program. 742 00:46:06,500 --> 00:46:08,340 You know, we have the Gemini program. 743 00:46:08,340 --> 00:46:09,770 We have the Apollo program. 744 00:46:09,770 --> 00:46:15,380 All space exploration going on while Star Trek starts airing in September of '66, but 745 00:46:15,380 --> 00:46:18,610 it was not something that we necessarily discussed. 746 00:46:18,610 --> 00:46:22,370 In large part because we never had family dinners and discussed anything because, as 747 00:46:22,370 --> 00:46:27,420 you know, these shows are so incredibly difficult to make, my dad was on a sound stage for 12 748 00:46:27,420 --> 00:46:29,810 to 14 hours a day for three years. 749 00:46:29,810 --> 00:46:32,340 We never even saw him, really. 750 00:46:32,340 --> 00:46:35,620 And science was not necessarily his forte. 751 00:46:35,620 --> 00:46:40,970 Remember, you know, although my father had a very fine mind, he was not really--didn't 752 00:46:40,970 --> 00:46:45,820 have that much formal education, which was something that dismayed his parents I can 753 00:46:45,820 --> 00:46:49,720 tell you right away because they were looking for doctors and lawyers. 754 00:46:49,720 --> 00:46:54,550 And my Uncle Mel, whose oldest son is in the audience tonight, my cousin, Paul--hey, Paul--my 755 00:46:54,550 --> 00:46:59,150 Uncle Mel went to MIT and became a chemical engineer for Johnson & Johnson for 30 years. 756 00:46:59,150 --> 00:47:04,450 That's what my grandparents wanted, but that is not what they got. 757 00:47:04,450 --> 00:47:07,360 And we're blessed by that difference, as my dad would say. 758 00:47:07,360 --> 00:47:11,990 So, that--you know, although the science, you know, space exploration was of interest 759 00:47:11,990 --> 00:47:14,780 to me, that was not something that we were discussing at that time. 760 00:47:14,780 --> 00:47:19,150 And it was not necessarily something that was of interest, you know, to him initially. 761 00:47:19,150 --> 00:47:23,310 But, since he's had so much interaction with the scientific community, he's constantly 762 00:47:23,310 --> 00:47:28,300 being shown research by all these scientists who he has inspired to do the research. 763 00:47:28,300 --> 00:47:32,150 And they want commentary from him about their research. 764 00:47:32,150 --> 00:47:37,340 And he would always use his top phrase, which was you're on the right track. 765 00:47:37,340 --> 00:47:39,880 That's great. 766 00:47:39,880 --> 00:47:42,420 All right. 767 00:47:42,420 --> 00:47:49,130 Well, Adam, I think it's time for you to show us some footage. 768 00:47:49,130 --> 00:47:54,140 If you'd like to see it, we have a very short sizzle reel that we put together. 769 00:47:54,140 --> 00:47:56,920 Yes now? 770 00:47:56,920 --> 00:48:04,550 This was put together early on in the early stages of making this film, which we're still 771 00:48:04,550 --> 00:48:09,360 in the process of making, which is expanded to include not only--I got this disclaimer. 772 00:48:09,360 --> 00:48:10,380 It's not just Spock. 773 00:48:10,380 --> 00:48:15,791 It is going to be more about the life of Leonard Nimoy, his process, his artistic career, his 774 00:48:15,791 --> 00:48:18,330 humanitarianism, really. 775 00:48:18,330 --> 00:48:23,010 But, this little reel that we put together very early on to try to generate interest 776 00:48:23,010 --> 00:48:26,280 in the project is very Spock centric. 777 00:48:26,280 --> 00:48:36,360 So, let's just take a look. 778 00:48:36,360 --> 00:48:41,230 As you may or not--may or may not have heard, that was the current Spock, Zachary Quinto, 779 00:48:41,230 --> 00:48:43,050 narrating that trailer there. 780 00:48:43,050 --> 00:48:44,900 And he narrates the whole film? 781 00:48:44,900 --> 00:48:46,840 He will be narrating the whole. 782 00:48:48,840 --> 00:48:47,840 Yeah. 783 00:48:48,840 --> 00:48:49,840 Lucky for me, yeah. 784 00:48:49,840 --> 00:48:50,840 So, we're pretty much out of time. 785 00:48:50,840 --> 00:48:53,010 I guess--I don't know. 786 00:48:53,010 --> 00:48:56,250 What's the over-under on when we come up with a teleportation device? 787 00:48:56,250 --> 00:48:57,250 Kevin? 788 00:48:57,250 --> 00:48:58,250 We have--. 789 00:48:58,250 --> 00:48:59,250 --Amber--? 790 00:48:59,250 --> 00:49:00,580 --A little work to do, yeah. 791 00:49:00,580 --> 00:49:09,270 I don't know about the teleportation device, but it is really important to appreciate the 792 00:49:09,270 --> 00:49:19,460 timing of when you're alive, be it exoplanets, be it the search for life on Mars, be it the 793 00:49:19,460 --> 00:49:24,660 exploration of these oceans worlds out there in our solar system. 794 00:49:24,660 --> 00:49:31,010 Appreciate that for the first time in the history of humanity, we have the tools and 795 00:49:31,010 --> 00:49:32,610 technology. 796 00:49:32,610 --> 00:49:39,270 We know how to do the experiments to go out there and see whether or not life does exist 797 00:49:39,270 --> 00:49:40,900 beyond Earth. 798 00:49:40,900 --> 00:49:45,340 Never before has humanity been able to do this kind of exploration. 799 00:49:45,340 --> 00:49:51,540 And so, you know, in this life cycle of science and science fiction, it's important that we 800 00:49:51,540 --> 00:49:57,700 help buoy each other because we can do it, but we need the public to be engaged in it. 801 00:49:57,700 --> 00:49:59,800 We need the public to be excited about it. 802 00:49:59,800 --> 00:50:01,770 We need schools to be teaching it. 803 00:50:01,770 --> 00:50:07,550 We need the next generation to be coming up through making the films, developing the instruments, 804 00:50:07,550 --> 00:50:11,510 building the missions so that we can actually make these great discoveries be they within 805 00:50:11,510 --> 00:50:14,120 our solar system or beyond. 806 00:50:14,120 --> 00:50:24,010 Math, science, math, science, encourage the kids to go that direction. 807 00:50:24,010 --> 00:50:25,740 Thanks, everybody, for coming out. 808 00:50:25,740 --> 00:50:29,350 This has been a blast and a dream come true for me. 809 00:50:29,350 --> 00:50:32,920 Thanks our panel. 810 00:50:32,920 --> 00:50:36,810 Amber Straughn, Kevin Hand, Adam Nimoy, Aditya Sood, thanks, guys. 811 00:50:36,810 --> 00:50:38,420 This was a blast.